Ever wondered why the Dutch wear orange to pretty much any national occasion when the colour is not even in their flag?
Perhaps you’ve been stampeded by the hoards of orange football fans that flood the streets during big matches or drowned in the explosion of orange that covers every Dutch city on King’s Day.
Well, as it happens, orange has been a national colour of the Netherlands for hundreds of years — and here’s why.
Why do the Dutch wear orange on King’s Day?
If you’re not familiar with the celebration, King’s Day is a national holiday in the Netherlands, where the entire nation dresses in orange, drink beer and celebrates the King’s birthday. And boy, do they celebrate.
The canals overflow with boats of what look like oompa loompas drinking themselves to death, occasionally singing: Oranje boven, oranje boven, leve de koning! (Orange above all, orange above all, long live the king!).
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The Dutch love for orange is tied to the Royal Family — the House of Oranje-Nassau.
The lineage began with the famous William of Orange, who was crowned Prince of Orange in 1544. With his leadership, the colour orange became a symbol of the Dutch Royal family. 🍊
Who was William of Orange?
William of Orange, also known as William the Silent, was named heir to the county of Orange by René of Chalon, who himself died with no children.
Later, William went on to lead the Dutch Revolt against the Spanish occupation of the Netherlands during the Eighty Years’ War from 1568 to 1648.
READ MORE | The Dutch and their monarchy, a two-sided coin
His leadership was extremely influential in the rebellion, contributing to the official independence of the United Provinces of the Netherlands in 1648.
He is known as the father of the Netherlands, and he’s the first ancestor of the current Royal Family, making him the founder of this era of the Dutch monarchy.
So his name, and the bright colour that goes with it, symbolise the Dutch state. But where did he get his name?
The town of Orange, France
Orange, historically known as Oranghien by the Dutch, is a town in modern-day southern France.
For many years it was a county state under the Holy Roman Empire before it became a part of France in 1713. This is where, in 1544, William of Nassau became Prince William of Orange.
Why do Dutch football fans wear orange?
The dress code doesn’t only apply to the fans; the Oranje (the nickname of the Dutch national football team) also dress completely in orange when they hit the field during national games.
The army of sports fans that follow the Dutch team is known as the Oranje Legioen (Orange Legion) and have an almost magical ability to turn every bar, stadium and street they hit completely orange.
This phenomenon is known as Oranjekoorts (Orange Fever), and it’s just as crazy as it sounds.
This love of orange is clearly not a small one, and it comes back to the same reason the Dutch wear the hue on King’s Day. Where orange originally symbolised the Dutch Royal Family, it soon became a symbol of Dutch national pride and the country at large.
Why is the Dutch flag not orange?
Originally, the Dutch flag was actually orange, white and blue — designed by William of Orange himself. Dutch soldiers during the War of Independence even wore this colour to battle.
However, at the end of the war, the orange band was changed to red. Historians have a few theories as to why.
The first theory is that the dye used to stain the flag orange was prone to changing to a red colour over time, and so to avoid confusion, the flag was officially changed to red.
Other historians believe the change was a result of the 1654 English-Dutch defence treaty, which banned any member of the House of Orange from becoming head of the Dutch state.
Theory three is that the new Dutch flag was based on the Bavarian coat of arms since, between 1354 and 1433, the county of Holland had been ruled by the House of Wittelsbach.
Regardless of the reason why, orange stuck around in Dutch hearts and continues to represent proud, loud Dutchness in all its quirks and charm.
When not to wear orange in the Netherlands
Wearing orange in the Netherlands will certainly win you brownie points on almost any day of the year, especially during the football World Cup. Except perhaps this day — April 30.
Before the king’s succession in 2013, King’s Day was, in fact, Queen’s Day in honour of Queen Beatrix. It was celebrated on April 30 but switched to April 27 when the king came to the throne.
Since the change, many tourists have still arrived in the Netherlands fully dressed in orange on April 30. These oblivious enthusiasts became known as vergistoeristen — mistake tourists. Oh, dear.
Toch weer vergistoeristen gespot in Amsterdam https://t.co/uUbfionzew pic.twitter.com/FHBfw95mwI
— AT5 (@AT5) April 29, 2017
The Dutch are not particularly nationalistic and don’t wear orange on Prinsjedag (Budget Day) or Remembrance Day either.
You might see a little orange on Liberation Day, but certainly not to the degree of real Orange Fever. The colour is mainly reserved for sporting events and King’s Day.
Countries that use orange because of the Netherlands
As the Dutch gained political power and sailed across the globe to colonise and conquer, their influence left substantial marks in the places they went. This includes their use of the colour orange, which leaked into many flags, names and symbols we still see today.
The South African Boers and orange
Between 1652 and 1795, the Dutch East India Company controlled the Eastern Cape frontier of Southern Africa. Many employees of the company retired here and bought farmlands, as well as African and Asian slaves, to run the farms.
But in 1806, the Cape colony fell under British rule, which abolished slavery in the region in 1834. The Dutch Boers (farmers) eventually grew tired of paying taxes to the British and refused to give up their slaves.
Thus, they departed on the Great Trek across southern Africa to establish their own settlements where they could rule themselves freely.
The Afrikaaner Boers thus established, among others, the Orange Republic, almost smack bang in the middle of modern-day South Africa.
It became an independent republic in 1854, and of course, its flag had orange and white stripes, with the Dutch flag in the top left corner, for which the Dutch king gave his blessing.
Fast forward past the Boer Wars, and the Orange Republic became the Orange Free State province under the Union of South Africa in 1910. Between 1928 and 1994, the Union of South Africa, which later became the Republic of South Africa, had the flag depicted below.
You’ll notice the orange, white, and blue stripes of the old Dutch flag, as well as the Orange Free State’s flag in the middle.
After Apartheid, this flag changed to the stunning multi-coloured flag that South Africa has today (with zero orange), and the Orange Free State simply became the Free State. But the Orange River, which happens to be the longest one in the country, kept its name.
Irish Protestants and orange
Steering back to Europe, the orange stripe in the Irish flag also has its links to William of Orange — believe it or not. This colour represents the minority Irish Protestants who supported William of Orange, and also were British Unionists.
During the Battle of the Boyne, Protestant King William of Orange faced up against the Catholic King James II of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Irish Protestants, who were in conflict with their Catholic countrymen, opted to support William of Orange instead. As a result, they adopted the colour orange as a symbol of their Protestant Irish identity.
This is in contrast to the green of the Irish flag, which symbolises Catholic Irish republicanism. The white in the middle symbolises peace between these two groups.
Carrots and William of Orange
Did you know that the orange colour of your favourite root vegetable is of Dutch doing?
Carrots were originally purple, red, or white, but the Dutch bred the root to become the distinct orange colour it’s known for today. And, of course, this change in colour was a tribute to old William of Orange.
READ MORE | 7 times the Dutch did it first: fun facts from the Netherlands
Still to this day, you can hear the history of William of Orange in the Dutch national anthem, and sometimes even see a strip of orange flown beside the Dutch national flag. 🇳🇱
What appears to be a random Dutch preference for all things orange actually has a very complex history of meaning behind it, one which has reached into the far corners of the globe and Dutch tradition alike.
What do you think of the Dutch obsession with this colour? Tell us in the comments below.
